ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL INSTRUMENTS FOR CONTROL AND OVERSIGHT IN THE FIELD OF ENSURING ECONOMIC SECURITY FOR BUSINESSES

Abstract

The article examines the administrative and legal instruments of state control and supervision as components of the mechanism for ensuring the economic security of transport infrastructure enterprises. The functional focus of the control and supervision activities of public administration is analyzed, in particular in the context of the growth of economic risks associated with martial law and global challenges. The need for legislative updating of administrative influence procedures is substantiated, taking into account the principles of proportionality, openness and risk- based orientation.

The article also examines the complex of legal and organizational means that state bodies of public administration use to prevent, identify and neutralize economic risks in the activities of business entities. The relevance of the topic is due to the growth of internal and external threats - from cyberattacks to imbalances in global supply chains, especially in the context of transformational socio-economic challenges.

The author uses an interdisciplinary methodological approach, combining system analysis, formal legal interpretation and risk-based management models. The work is based on the key provisions of the "management and service" school, the concept of multi-level control, the principles of procedural certainty and proportionality, and the idea of integrated risk management.

The study classified administrative and legal forms of ensuring economic security: regulatory, registration and licensing, control and supervision, service and advisory, and sanction and repressive. Their methods were analyzed - permitting, procedural, monitoring, information and advisory, and coercive. Gaps in the current regulation were identified: fragmentation of norms, excessive discretion of regulatory bodies, lack of a single administrative and procedural code and an integrated digital platform for monitoring risks.

Based on critical analysis, a number of innovative solutions were proposed: institutionalization of preventive supervision as a service function of the state; creation of a single digital interdepartmental platform for monitoring economic threats; introduction of public-private partnership in cyber defense projects and joint financing of security measures; expansion of administrative appeal mechanisms and electronic certification of enterprise security services.

The article determines that the administrative-legal mechanism of control and supervision over economic security should be transformed from a repressive "punitive" instrument into an adaptive system of prevention and business support. The proposed changes are aimed at achieving a balance between the interests of the state and entrepreneurship, which is the key to the stability of the national economy in conditions of high turbulence and uncertainty.