АКТУАЛЬНІ МІЖНАРОДНО-ПРАВОВІ АСПЕКТИ ПОПЕРЕДЖЕННЯ БІОНЕБЕЗПЕКИ НА МОРСЬКОМУ ТРАНСПОРТІ

Abstract

The article was write based on the analysis of United Nations documents and other normative legal acts, statistics of the United Nations, the International Health Organization and other international organizations, the article discusses relevant international legal aspects of preventing the spread of dangerous infections in maritime transport. The main trends of modern bio-threats, in particular COVID-19, are considered. The directions of effective prevention and control of these bio-threats are determined.

Maritime transport, as a key sector of the global economy, forms the basis of international trade, supporting the process of globalization and deepening international integration. Such features of maritime transport contribute to the extension of its geography, the growth of passenger traffic and cargo transportation by sea.

The purpose of the article is to theoretically study the current international legal aspects of preventing biosecurity in maritime transport.

The international community, the scientists of the most developed countries, are in urgent need of COVID19 medical remedies, but they can only be effective in conjunction with other means, such as the International Health Regulations. For example, the WHO Committee believes that, in addition to creating key health opportunities enshrined in IHR, global readiness could be facilitated by research, a cross-sectoral approach, strengthening health care delivery systems, economic development in low- and middle-income countries. income and improving the health of the population.

But we have to agree that, overall, «the world is not ready to respond to a serious influenza pandemic or any similar global and dangerous public health emergency.» The reason for this situation lies in the adoption of questionable decisions on the effectiveness of the national level of public administration or the banal failure of government officials to comply with governmental decisions that, in the current situation, may lead to criminal responsibility.

All of this points to the presence of serious biosecurity, the global unpreparedness and the global role of transport, in particular maritime transport, in its prevention and control. According to the author, it is necessary to create a qualitatively new system of biosecurity against such threats. First and foremost, this should be done through the creation of relevant regulatory documents, rules, recommendations, at the international and national levels, and their implementation. Moreover, it can be argued that such global and dangerous health emergencies are new-level threats, biopolitical threats, and their prevention and management requires appropriate biopolitics.